Maryland State Department of Education
Adult Education and Literacy
Services
200 West Baltimore Street
Baltimore, Maryland 21201
Walter
Sondheim, Jr., President
Edward Andrews, Vice President
| Raymond V. "Buzz" Bartlett | Edward L. Root |
| Philip S. Benzil | John L. Wisthoff |
| George W. Fisher, Sr | Jo Ann T. Bell |
| Reginald L. Dunn | Marilyn Maultsby |
| Judith McHale | David M. Iseminger |
Nancy S. Grasmick,
Secretary/Treasurer
State Superintendent of Schools
|
A. Skipp
Sanders |
Katharine M.
Oliver |
|
Richard
Steinke |
Patricia
Bennett |
Editors: Holly Fadden and Elizabeth Holden
Funding for this project is partially provided by a grant from the U.S. Department of Education, Division of Adult Education and Literacy (353 Special Project).
The Maryland State Department of Education does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, sex, age, national origin, religion, or disability in matters affecting employment or in providing access to programs. For inquiries related to departmental policy, please contact the Equity Assurance and Compliance Branch at (410) 767-0426 Voice, (410) 333-2226 Fax, or (410) 333-6442 TTY/TDD
The Maryland State Department of Education (MSDE) recognizes the commitment and dedication of the following individuals who assisted with the creation of the Adult ESL Program Standards. The standards in this document are the culmination of a ten-month project to develop guidelines for program self-evaluation and continuous improvement.
ESL Workgroup Contributors:
Kay
Ahmad
ESOL Adult Education Coordinator
Montgomery County Public
Schools
Jean Chase,
Ph.D.
Specialist
Montgomery County Public Schools
Joann (Jodi)
Crandall, Ph.D.
Co-Director ESOL/Bilingual MA Program
University of
Maryland Baltimore County
Barbara
Denman
ESL Assistant for Adult Basic Education
Prince George's County
Public Schools
Holly
Fadden
ESL Specialist
Maryland State Department of
Education
Becky
Lessey
Coordinator of Basic Skills and Foreign-Born Programs
Howard
Community College
Roberta
Matonak
Adult ESL Instructor
Washington County Public
Schools
Pat
Petrlik
Director
The Resource Center for Language and Culture,
University of Maryland Baltimore County
Rebecca
Price
ESL Specialist
Howard Community College
Ron
Schwartz
Co-Director ESOL/Bilingual MA Program
University of Maryland
Baltimore County
Linda
Soukup
ESOL Program Facilitator
Community College of Baltimore
County
Dianne
Stephenson
Adult ESL Instructor
St. Mary's County Public
Schools
Susan
Stevenson
Adult ESL Instructor
Wicomico County Public
Schools
Robin
Schwarz
ESL/LD Specialist, English Language Institute
American
University
Milagros
Wong
Adult ESL Instructor
Wicomico County Public Schools
Virginia
Yildirim
Adult ESL Instructor
Washington County Public
Schools
For more
information, contact:
Faida Abu-Ghazaleh, Director
The Resource Center for
Language and Culture, UMBC
(410) 455-3217 or abu1@umbc.edu
Special thanks to Crystal Andrews, Agnes Callaway, and Carole Abel for their assistance.
Introduction
Adult ESL Program Standards and Sample Measures
Appendices
Introduction
Mission Statement
The mission of English-as-a-second-language (ESL) programs for Limited English Proficient (LEP) adults in Maryland is to provide the skills learners need to successfully advance towards educational, vocational and personal goals that ultimately lead to their full participation in the diverse society of the United States.
Purpose and Use of Standards
The Maryland State Department of Education's Adult ESL Program Standards are not specific instructional standards, but rather overall guidelines for identifying and improving eight major components of quality adult ESL programs. These components are:
The primary
goal of the standards is to provide guidelines for continuous program
improvement and accountability in adult ESL programs. The standards and sample
measures in this document may be used in one or more of the following ways to
assist programs in achieving these goals:
The MSDE
Adult ESL Quality Program Standards were developed by a statewide group
of adult ESL professionals, including ESL instructors, ESL coordinators, adult
education administrators and ESL teacher trainers over the period of a year. The
intensive, small group approach provided adult education ESL professionals with
the opportunity to create practical and realistic guidelines applicable to the
variety of programs throughout the state. Members of the group represented the
diversity in the state, from small rural programs to large metropolitan ones.
The standards take into account that programs vary depending on the demographics
and particular needs of learners in the community. For example, small rural
programs may have multilevel classes with open entry/exit options while larger
programs may offer over a hundred specialized classes at various levels and with
specific enrollment periods.
The MSDE ESL Workgroup reviewed standards and research from a variety of sources and contributed to the creation of the national TESOL Adult Education Program Standards. The TESOL Standards document is an excellent supplement to the Maryland document and includes sample performance standards for each measure.For information about obtaining a copy of the TESOL document, see Appendix B.
Key Objectives
As the standards were being developed one overarching concern emerged for limited English proficient (LEP) adults whose learning and access to an educational program may be affected by a handicapping condition such as a learning disability, attention deficit disorder, post-traumatic stress syndrome, visual or auditory impairment or other physical impairments. These learners are subsequently referred to as special needs learners.
The MSDE Adult ESL Program Standards, therefore, made a concerted effort to ensure the needs of these learners are addressed in adult ESL programs. While these special needs may be more difficult to discern in LEP adults because of language and cultural barriers, it is nevertheless imperative that programs educate ESL learners about their rights under the law and provide appropriate accommodations. Therefore, the standards for each program component emphasize the special needs of ESL learners.
The following are key objectives for Adult ESL programs:
While there are differences between Adult ESL and Adult Basic Education (ABE), some key operating assumptions for instruction are common to both. These assumptions are closely aligned with expectations in the Adult Education and Family Literacy Act (AEFLA, Title II, of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998). These quality components of adult education are specifically articulated in the MSDE Adult ESL Program Standards. In fact, this document contains detailed guidelines that will assist programs in meeting the accountability requirements of the AEFLA and also provides means for continuous program improvement. The assumptions are as follows:
The Maryland
State Department of Education is pleased to offer the Maryland Adult ESL
Program Standards as model guidelines for adult ESL professionals as they
strive for continuous program improvement and accountability in the new
millennium.
I. PROGRAM STRUCTURE, ADMINISTRATION AND PLANNING
PROGRAM STRUCTURE
Standard I.A:
| A. | The ESL program (hereafter referred to as " the program") has a mission statement, a clearly articulated philosophy, and goals developed with appropriate input from internal and external stakeholders. Internal stakeholders may include administrators, instructional staff, support staff, program volunteers and learners. External stakeholders may include boards of directors or advisory groups, community and agency leaders, business leaders, employment and training agencies, other educational or service providers, state, federal and local legislators, support services and funding sources. A program advisory board may be established from among these stakeholders. |
Sample Measures I.A:
Standard
I.B:
| B. | The program has a system of governance that ensures accountability and effective administration of all program activities. The system of governance will vary according to whether the program is autonomous or affiliated with a larger institution or organization. (Example: The system of governance includes a board of directors or advisory group and a written organizational document such as by-laws.) |
Sample Measures I.B:
Standard
I.C:
| C. | The program has an administrative structure with personnel who have experience or awareness of the specific needs of adult ESL learners, including learners with special needs such as visual, auditory, physical, learning disabilities, Attention Deficit Disorder, and others. |
Sample Measures I.C:
Standard
I.D:
| D. | The program organizes its instructional offerings to be consistent with the program's mission and goals and with the goals and needs of learners in the community being served. |
Sample Measures I.D:
Standard
I.E:
| E.. | The program has a curriculum, including learning goals, materials and resources for each type of instructional offering and exhibits the ability to accommodate learners with special needs. |
Sample Measure I.E:
Standard
I.F:
| F. | The program has an accountability plan with a system for record keeping and reporting that is consistent with program policies and with legal and funding requirements, including legal requirements for accommodations for disabilities. |
Sample Measures I.F:
Standard
I.G:
| G. | The program has comprehensive assessment and evaluation policies and procedures that link assessment to instruction as well as to learner goals and needs, including the assessment of special needs learners. |
Sample Measures I.G:
ADMINISTRATION
Standard I.H:
| H. | Depending on the constraints of program guidelines, size, resources and autonomy, the program fosters and maintains linkages and clear communication with internal and external stakeholders. |
Sample Measures I.H:
Standard
I.I:
| I. | The program provides facilities and resources appropriate for adult learners that meet Federal and State guidelines for accessibility. |
Sample Measure I.I:
Standard
I.J:
| J. | The program provides necessary trained support personnel and equipment for day-to-day operations and efficient record keeping, consistent with the financial resources and program organization. |
Sample Measures I.J:
Standard
I.K:
| K. | The program maintains a learner-instructor ratio conducive to meeting learners' needs and goals. Ratios reflect research on optimal learner-instructor levels. |
Sample Measure I.K:
Standard
I.L:
| L. | The program provides flexible course schedules at convenient locations to meet varied learner and community needs. |
Sample Measure I.L:
Standard
I.M:
| M. | The program has a procedure for ensuring confidentiality in communication with internal and external stakeholders. |
Sample Measures I.M:
Standard
I.N:
| N. | The program supports consistent employment conditions, compensation and benefits commensurate with those of other instructional or professional staff with comparable qualifications. |
Sample Measure I.N:
Standard
I.O:
| O. | The program provides instructional staff with access to materials, resources and services to support classroom instruction. (e.g. books, workbooks, duplication services, computers). |
Sample Measures I.O:
Standard
I.P:
| P. | The program has sound financial management procedures to collect and maintain fiscal information, guide program budgeting, ensure continuity of funding and meet reporting requirements. |
Sample Measures I.P:
PLANNING
Standard I.Q:
| Q. | The program has an ongoing and participatory plan for programming and evaluation that considers community demographics, retention patterns, needs, resources, and economic, educational and technological trends. |
Sample Measure I.Q:
Standard
I.R:
| R. | The program acquires and maintains technological resources to support and enhance program goals and learner needs. |
Sample Measure I.R:
Standard
I.S:
| S. | The program has a plan for outreach, marketing and public relations that fosters awareness and understanding of the program and its benefits to the community and the workplace. The plan encourages community participation in the program, including use of community resources, possible alternative funding and increased political support. ESL public relations and outreach materials are available in addition to general catalogues or materials when appropriate. |
Sample Measures I.S:
II.
CURRICULUM
Standard II.A:
| A. | The program has a process for developing curriculum that includes participation and input from learners, instructors, program administrators, stakeholders in the community, and experts on topics such as special needs learning and cross-cultural communication. |
Sample Measures II.A:
Standard
II.B:
| B. | The curriculum reflects the mission and philosophy of the program and is compatible with principles of language acquisition for adult learners of English. |
Sample Measures II.B:
Standard
II.C:
| C. | The curriculum includes goals, objectives, outcomes, approaches, methods, activities, materials, technological resources, and evaluation measures that are appropriate for meeting learners' needs and goals as identified by needs assessment activities. The curriculum reflects learners' goals while considering their roles as family members, community participants, workers and/or lifelong learners. |
Sample Measures II.C:
Standard
II.D:
| D. | The curriculum specifies written learning objectives for each period of instruction stated in terms of progress within the class or program and/or measurable performance outcomes. |
Sample Measures II.D:
Standard
II.E:
| E. | The program supports innovation and growth through a formalized process of selecting, evaluating, revising, and adapting its curriculum, materials and resources. This process is responsive to the changing needs of the learners and external environment (e.g. workforce requirements, naturalization regulations) and elicits input from stakeholders. The process also includes evaluation of appropriateness of curriculum materials for learners with special needs. The program has an ongoing process for revision of curriculum in response to the changing needs and demands of the learners, community and public policy. |
Sample Measures II.E:
Standard
II.F:
| F. | Curriculum and instructional materials are easily accessible, up-to-date, adult-oriented, culturally sensitive and appropriate to the language and literacy proficiency levels of the learners. Instructional materials, suitable for persons with special needs, are available, including, where appropriate, materials in the first language. (e.g. large print, Braille, audio tapes and others.) |
Sample Measures II.F:
Standard
II.G:
| G. | Curriculum materials and suggested activities address a variety of learning styles and strategies and incorporate learners' individual experiences, previous knowledge, and special learning needs. |
Sample Measures II.G:
III.
INSTRUCTION
Standard III.A:
| A. | Appropriate and varied
instructional approaches and activities are identified for each group of
learners, including learners with special needs, and are reflected in
instructional activities. These may include:
|
Sample
Measures III.A:
Standard
III.B:
| B. | Instructional activities encourage all types of learners in taking an active role in the learning process. |
Sample Measure III.B:
Standard:
III.C
| C. | Instructional activities focus on the acquisition of communication skills necessary for students to function as individuals, family members, community participants, workers and lifelong learners. Learner-selected goals (e.g. ABE, GED preparation, post-secondary education programs and vocational training) determine additional content. |
Sample Measure III.C:
Standard
III.D:
| D. | Instructional activities integrate the four language skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing. |
Sample Measure III.D:
Standard
III.E:
| E. | Instructional activities are varied to address the different learning styles (e.g. aural, oral, visual, kinesthetic) of the learners. |
Sample Measure III.E:
Standard
III.F:
| F. | Instructional activities incorporate grouping strategies and interactive tasks that facilitate the development of authentic communication skills (e.g. negotiating and clarifying meaning). Techniques that facilitate these tasks include cooperative learning, information gap, role-play, simulations, problem solving and other instructional techniques. |
Sample Measure III.F:
Standard
III.G:
| G. | Instructional activities accommodate the needs of multilevel groups of learners and are sensitive to the cultural differences of the learners. |
Sample Measure III.G:
Standard
III.H:
| H. | Instructional activities focus on culturally-appropriate behaviors needed for development of critical thinking skills, problem solving skills, team participation and study skills in a variety of situations. |
Sample Measure III.H:
Standard
III.I:
| I. | Instructional activities provide opportunities for learners to use authentic materials as resources both inside and outside the classroom (e.g. newspapers, telephone books, school notices, library resources, community agencies, work sites, television and the Internet.) |
Sample Measure III.I:
Standard
III.J:
| J. | Instructional activities provide learners with the opportunity to develop an awareness of and competency in the use of appropriate technologies to meet lesson objectives. |
Sample Measure III.J:
Standard
III.K:
| K. | Instructional activities integrate language and culture so learners can understand and function within the diverse culture of the United States. |
Sample Measure III.K:
IV.
RECRUITMENT, INTAKE AND ORIENTATION
Standard IV.A:
| A. | The program has effective procedures for identifying and recruiting adult ESL learners |
Sample Measure IV.A:
Standard
IV.B:
| B. | The program uses a variety of recruitment strategies (e.g. personal contacts, peer student referrals, print and broadcast media, outreach to community groups, networking with various institutions, advertising through and participation in community events and use of technological sources such as web sites and online discussion lists). |
Sample Measures IV.B:
Standard
IV.C
| C. | Culturally and linguistically appropriate recruitment and program information, materials and services reach the targeted populations in multiple languages. Recruitment materials indicate that populations with special needs will be accommodated. Generic recruitment materials suitable for persons with special needs are available (e.g. larger print, Braille and audio tapes). |
Sample Measures IV.C:
Standard
IV.D:
| D. | The program evaluates the effectiveness of its recruitment efforts and makes changes as needed. |
Sample Measure IV.D:
Standard
IV.E:
| E. | The program has an orientation and intake process that provides appropriate assessment of the learners' needs, goals and language proficiency levels and which provides the learner information about the program, including information for special needs learners regarding their rights to accommodations. A statement of the legal rights to accommodations is available in multiple languages from the central resource center. (See Appendix G for resources for accommodating special needs learners). |
Sample Measures IV.E:
Standard
IV.F:
| F. | The program has a procedure for accommodating learners waiting to enter the program. |
Sample Measures IV.F:
RETENTION
AND TRANSITION
Standard V.A:
| A. | The program supports retention through an enrollment policy that reflects program goals, requirements of funding sources and demands on adult learners (e.g. open entry/open exit, flexible transfer and short-term courses). |
Sample Measures V.A:
Standard
V.B:
| B. | The program encourages learners to participate consistently and with adequate duration in order to reach their identified goals. This may be accomplished by adjusting the scheduling or location of classes and providing appropriate support services. |
Sample Measures V.B:
Standard
V.C:
| C. | The program has a process for gathering input from instructors and learners regarding learner retention patterns that is taken into account during planning. |
Sample Measures V.C:
Standard
V.D:
| D. | The program improves retention by providing learners with appropriate support for transition to the workplace, ABE programs, GED preparation programs or credit courses. |
Sample Measures V.D:
Standard
V.E:
| E. | The program improves retention by accommodating the special needs of learners as fully as possible. (e.g. case management, counselors, native language support and learning accommodations.) |
Sample Measure V.E:
ASSESSMENT POLICY
Standard VI.A:
| A. | The program has a comprehensive assessment policy that reflects the mission and goals of the program, mandates of the funding sources, needs of the learners and other stakeholders, and instructional objectives and activities. |
Sample Measure VI.A:
Standard
VI.B:
| B. | The assessment policy is based on principles of adult learning, second language acquisition, language learning pedagogy, literacy development for adults and legal requirements for accommodation. |
Sample Measures VI.B:
Standard
VI.C:
| C. | The program has a process for assessing learners' skills and goals for placement into the program, documentation of progress within the program and exit from the program. This includes appropriate assessment of learners with special needs or those suspected of having special needs. |
Sample Measures VI.C:
Standard
VI.D:
| D. | Assessment policies and procedures are developed with input from internal and external stakeholders. |
Sample Measure VI.D:
Standard
VI.E:
| E.. | Assessment activities are ongoing and regularly scheduled, providing information about educational gains and learner outcomes. Recommendations about further assessment for special needs learners or adjustments in instructional activities are included. |
Sample Measure VI.E:
Standard
VI.F:
| F. | The program has a system for collecting and reporting educational gains and outcomes in clear language to all stakeholders. |
Sample Measures VI.F:
TYPES OF
ASSESSMENT
Standard VI.G:
| G. | The program uses a variety of appropriate assessments, including authentic and performance-based assessments, consistent and appropriate to the skills being learned and to the needs of special needs learners. |
Sample Measure VI.G:
Standard
VI.H:
| H. | The program assesses the language proficiency level of the learner in the areas of listening, speaking, reading and writing as appropriate, taking into account a learner's disability in any of these areas. The assessments may also identify the learners' literacy skills and any learning disabilities in their primary language when feasible. |
Sample Measures VI.H:
Standard
VI.I:
| I. | The program uses standardized assessment instruments that are reliable and valid. |
Sample Measures VI.I:
Standard
VI.J:
| J. | Learners assess their own attainment of skills through regular formal and informal instruments of self-evaluation (e.g. written questionnaires, checklists). (See Appendix D for an example of learner self-evaluation tool and Appendix E for sample Learner checklist). |
Sample Measures VI.J:
Standard
VI.K:
| K. | Where appropriate, assessment activities document progress in nonlinguistic areas, such as goal setting and fulfillment of Maryland State Department of Education's Skills for Success competencies (e.g. teamwork, self-esteem, initiative). |
Sample Measures VI.K:
USES OF
ASSESSMENT
Standard VI.L:
| L. | The information obtained through student needs assessment is used to aid administrators, instructors and tutors in developing materials, curricula, skills assessments and teaching approaches that are relevant to the learners' lives. |
Sample Measures VI.L:
Standard
VI.M:
| M. | Assessment results are clearly explained and shared with learners, to the extent permitted by testing guidelines, in order to help learners progress. |
Sample Measure VI.M:
Standard
VI.N:
| N. | Assessment activities document learners' progress toward advancement to other training programs, employment, post-secondary education or attainment of other learner goals. |
Sample Measures VI.N:
STAFFING/PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT/STAFF EVALUATION
STAFF QUALIFICATIONS
Standard VII.A:
| A. | The program recruits and hires qualified instructors that reflect the cultural diversity of the community of learners in the program. |
Sample Measures VII.A:
Standard
VII.B:
| B. | The program provides all paid and volunteer instructional staff with written job descriptions and personnel information, including access to a grievance procedure. |
Sample Measures VII.B:
Standard
VII.C:
| C. | The instructional, administrative and support staff has appropriate training in the theory and methodology of teaching ESL consistent with the philosophy and goals of the program. |
Sample Measures VII.C:
Standard
VII.D:
| D. | The program has a process for orienting new instructional, administrative and support staff to the program. |
Sample Measures VII.D:
PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Standard VII.E:
| E. | The program has a professional development plan developed with stakeholder input to enable staff to meet the needs of the program and learners, including learners with special needs. The program allocates resources to implement the plan. |
Sample Measures VII.E:
Standard
VII.F:
| F. | The program provides opportunities for instructional staff to expand knowledge of current trends, best practices and research in the field of adult literacy and second language acquisition through participation in national, state, and local conferences, workshops, seminars and access to state resource centers. The program has a process for orienting ESL faculty and staff to the needs of special needs learners and to their legal rights for accommodations. |
Sample Measures VII.F:
Standard
VII.G:
| G. | The program provides opportunities for administrators and program evaluators to become knowledgeable about effective teaching strategies in adult ESL and current trends in the field of adult ESL. |
Sample Measures VII.G:
Standard
VII.H:
| H. | Professional development activities are varied, based on needs of the staff, and provide opportunities for practice and consistent follow-up. Examples of activities include workshops, TESOL and affiliate conventions, intensive training sessions, credit for graduate coursework, mentoring, peer coaching, distance learning activities and action research. |
Sample Measures VII.H:
Standard
VII.I:
| I. | Professional development activities are responsive to developments in the field of ESL and adult learning research and external influences, such as legislation, which affect ESL instruction. |
Sample Measure VII.I:
Standard
VII.J:
| J. | The program maintains an up-to-date resource library of materials on teaching methods and appropriate instructional materials for each level or provides reasonable access to these resources. (See Appendix I for resources.) |
Sample Measures VII.J:
Standard
VII.K:
| K. | As needed, the program includes in its professional development activities training on providing multilevel instruction. |
Sample Measures VII.K:
Standard
VII.L:
| L. | The program provides access to training in the use and interpretation of assessment results. |
Sample Measures VII.L:
Standard
VII.M:
| M. | The program encourages faculty and staff to join professional ESL and adult education organizations and supports staff participation in professional development activities of the organizations. |
Sample Measures VII.M:
Standard
VII.N:
| N. | The program encourages adult ESL instructors and administrators to collaborate with instructional personnel in other content areas and with support service providers and workplace personnel, including university-level and other post-secondary ESL programs. |
Sample Measure VII.N:
Standard
VII.O:
| O. | The program has a process for recognizing the participation of staff in professional development activities and for supporting further professional development. |
Sample Measures VII.O:
STAFF
EVALUATION
Standard VII.P:
| P. | The program has a process for the regular evaluation of staff performance that is consistent with program philosophy. |
Sample Measures VII.P:
Standard
VII.Q:
| Q. | The program provides learners the opportunity to evaluate instructional staff. The tools are user-friendly and allow differing learner proficiency levels, backgrounds, cultural norms and special needs. |
Sample Measures VII.Q: