1	MIDTERM REVIEW BIOL 305L
2	ANNOUNCEMENTS Midterm Exam: Friday, March 15^th in LH 1 during lab leadoff No calculators Format: varies No labs next week! NO MAKEUP EXAM UNLESS UNIVERSITY APPROVED EMERGENCY Old midterm will be posted online Monday. Use it to TEST what you know. Do NOT memorize answers!!
3	ANNOUNCEMENTS Study for Midterm: Background concepts/theory Experimental results (expected) Flow of information/experimental set up (be able to draw) Names & function of all instruments Anatomy (name of muscles, organs, nerves and organisms) Lab exercises (handouts), especially the introduction Observations in lab Traces produced using LabScribe (be able to draw) Any/all graphs made (i.e. Excel graphs) Notes from lab lead off lecture
4	MIDTERM REVIEW Reaction Times and Reflexes Lab: Describe a stimulus response pathway Use terminology (i.e. afferent) to describe a pathway Know flow of information Know which is faster, visual or auditory Know how prompting/patterned stimuli affect response time Know how characteristics of pathway influence response time Define a “reflex” Know the purpose of engaging in mental and motor activity while trying to elicit a reflex
5	MIDTERM REVIEW Crayfish Sensory Lab: Describe P. clarkii anatomy (as discussed in lab) Know the flow of information Know how sensory systems encode sensory (stimulus) intensity Know what this looks like in Labscribe AND when graphed Define sensory adaptation and know why it’s important What does it look like in Labscribe AND graphed How do you tell the difference between MRO1 and MRO2?
6	MIDTERM REVIEW Sciatic Nerve Lab: Describe neuron anatomy Describe R. pipiens anatomy with respect to S. nerve Describe the flow on information Describe the composition of a mixed nerve Define stimulus artifact Define threshold Explain what determines the amplitude of an individual AP Explain why APs fired from a single neuron maintain constant amplitude Define compound action potential (CAP) Explain how/why the amplitude of a CAP can change
7	MIDTERM REVIEW Sciatic Nerve Con’t Know what maximum recruitment refers to Know how to determine conduction velocity in a nerve as performed in lab Describe how to manipulate electrodes to create a long and short path Know what the measurements (on nerve bath) and T2 – T1values signify Know how to determine if a nerve conducts bidirectionally Describe how to manipulate electrodes to determine bidirectionality Know how (and if) the conduction velocity is different in the two directions (prox. à distal and visa versa) Know how temperature affects conduction velocity
8	MIDTERM REVIEW Gastrocnemius Muscle Lab: Know how skeletal muscles are innervated in the animal body Explain how the sciatic nerve is related to the gastroc. muscle (in vivo) Define motor unit Know differences in the motor unit in vertebrates & invertebrates Know the flow of information Know the function of the stimulating electrode in the lab Explain how/why the relative force of contraction increases with increased stimulus amplitude (i.e. recruitment) Know what the maximum amplitude (twitch) represents Explain how/why the relative force of contraction increases with increased stimulus frequency?
9	MIDTERM REVIEW Gastrocnemius Muscle Lab: Describe difference between a single twitch, summed twitches and tetanus in terms of relative force of contraction Describe what's happening in a muscle (in terms of contraction and relaxation) during a twitch, summed twitches and tetanus Define fatigue as it applies to skeletal muscle Explain what you observed regarding fatigue in the gastroc. muscle during lab Describe the composition of the gastroc. muscle (i.e. muscle fiber types) Compare & contrast the characteristics of slow and fast twitch muscle cells