Research Abstract:

GENETIC DIVERSITY AND POPULATION STRUCTURE IN THE GADWALL (ANAS
STREPERA)

Jeffrey L. Peters, Kairav Doshi, and Kevin E. Omland
UMBC Department of Biological Sciences

Poster Presented at North American Ornithogical Congress, New Orleans, Sept. 2002

ABSTRACT - The Gadwall is a dabbling duck with a wide distribution that extends across Europe, Asia, and North America.  In this study, we address 2 primary questions: (1) do genetic differences exist between the Old World and the New World; (2) does population genetic structure exist within North America. We examined genetic variation using 658 bp of DNA from domains 1 and 2 of the mitochondrial control region of 140 Gadwall from Europe, Asia, and North America (including 5 populations).  Although distinct genetic differences (i.e., reciprocal monophyly) were not observed, there was significant genetic structure between the Old World and New World.  Evidence suggests that Gadwall recently colonized North America from Europe and/or Asia, but more intensive sampling is needed to confirm this pattern.  Within North America, significant genetic structure exists between the Alaskan population and “core” North American breeding populations.  This genetic structure may reflect the philopatric behavior of female Gadwall.  Nuclear DNA is needed to determine whether male biased dispersal prevents further differentiation among populations. 

En Espanol:
DIVERSIDAD GENETICA Y ESTRUCTURA DE POBLACION EN ANAS STREPERA

Anas strepera es un pato con una distribución que se extiende por toda Europa, Asia y Norte America.  En este estudio nos concentramos en responder dos preguntas: (1) existen diferencias geneticas entre el Viejo y Nuevo Mundo; (2) existe una estructura de población genetica dentro de Norte America.  Examinamos la variación genetica usando 658 bases de pares de ADN de dominios uno y dos de la region de control mitocondrial de 140 patos de Europa, Asia, y Norte America (incluyendo cinco poblaciones).  Aunque distintas variaciones geneticas (como monofilia recíproca) no fueron observadas, se manifesto bastante estructura genetica entre el Viejo y Nuevo Mundo.  Evidencia sugiere que A. strepera colonizo Norte America viniendo de Europa y/o Asia, pero ejemplares mas intensivos se necesitan para respaldar esta trenda.  Dentro de Norte America existe bastante estructura genetica entre la poblacion de Alaska y las poblaciones de apareamiento del "corazon" de Norte America.  Esta estructura genetica podria reflejar el comportamiento filopatrico de las hembras.  Se necesita ADN nuclear para determinar si la dispersión discriminativa del macho previene mas diferenciación entre poblaciones.

Traducido por Christian Ruiz

(Poster Presented at the North American Ornithological Congress, New Orleans, LA, Sept. 2002.)

Publications:

Peters, J. L. and Omland, K. E. 2007 Population structure and mitochondrial polyphyly in North American gadwalls (Anas strepera). Auk. In press.

Omland, K. E., Baker, J. M. and Peters J. L. 2006. Genetic signatures of intermediate divergence: population history of Old and New World Holarctic ravens (Corvus corax). Molecular Ecology. 15: 795-808.

Peters, J. L., Gretes, W. and Omland, K. E. 2005. Late Pleistocene divergence between eastern and western populations of wood ducks (Aix sponsa) inferred by the “Isolation with Migration” coalescent model. Molecular Ecology. 14: 3407-3418.

Peters, J. L., McCracken, K. G., Zhuravlev, Y. N.,. Yi Lu, Wilson, R. E., Johnson, K. P. and Omland, K. E. 2005. Phylogenetics of wigeons and allies (Anatidae: Anas): the importance of sampling multiple loci and multiple individuals. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 35: 209-224.

Peters, J. L., G. L. Brewer, and L. M. Bowe. 2003. Extrapair paternity and breeding synchrony in Gadwalls (Anas strepera) in North Dakota. Auk 120:883-888.

Submitted Articles

Peters, J.L., and Omland, K.E. Distinguishing between ancestral polymorphism and hybridization in gadwall (Anas strepera): rejecting alternative hypotheses using coalescent analysis of multiple loci. Submitted: Evolution

Kondo, B., Peters, J. L., Rosensteel, B. B and Omland, K.E. Coalescent analysis of multiple loci confirm a new route to speciation in birds. Submitted: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA

Abstract in Russian

Расширенное резюме

У серой утки (Anas strepera), социально-моногамного вида, в Северной Дакоте (США) с помощью микросателлитной "ДНК-дактилоскопии" исследованы внебрачное отцовство и его связи с синхронностью гнездования. 11 из 261 птенцов (4.2 %) в 8 из 29 выводков (27.6 %) имели генотип, свидетельствующий о внебрачном отцовстве. В исследованных выводках не обнаружено внутривидового гнездового паразитизма. Масштаб внебрачного отцовства показывает незначимую тенденцию связи с синхронностью размножения самок (тест Фишера; P = 0.30). Число внебрачных птенцов на гнездо не связано с датой начала гнездования (r = -0.02, P = 0.90). Отлучки самок с гнезд во время яйцекладки предоставляют самцам возможность для внебрачных копуляций, когда гнездование синхронизировано.

Jeff Peters, Current Address
Postdoctoral Research Associate
Institute of Arctic Bilogy
University of Alaska, Fairbanks
Fairbanks, AK 99775
Phone: 907-474-1195
jpeters@iab.alaska.edu