Qualitative Analysis for Cations Na⁺, K⁺, NH₄⁺, Ag⁺, Cu₂⁺ and Bi₃⁺

There were two goals that we were trying to accomplish during the course of our investigations.  Our first objective was to observe and to make use of the physical and chemical properties of Na⁺, K⁺, NH₄⁺, Ag⁺, Cu₂⁺, and Bi₃⁺ by separating and identifying the presence of the cations in an aqueous solution.  In order to obtain our goals we used flame tests, solution tests, and centrifuging.  First, the standard solution was tested, which contained all possible ions.  The unknown solution was tested next for each of the cations.  The results from the standard solution test were used in comparison with the results from the unknown solution.  As a result, we found that our unknown solution, #4, contained sodium ions, potassium ions, ammonium ions, silver ions, calcium ions, and barium ions.